Search results for "Tumor biology"
showing 10 items of 17 documents
C3 Drives Inflammatory Skin Carcinogenesis Independently of C5
2021
Nonmelanoma skin cancer such as cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the most common form of cancer and can occur as a consequence of DNA damage to the epithelium by UVR or chemical carcinogens. There is growing evidence that the complement system is involved in cancer immune surveillance; however, its role in cSCC remains unclear. Here, we show that complement genes are expressed in tissue from patients with cSCC, and C3 activation fragments are present in cSCC biopsies, indicating complement activation. Using a range of complement-deficient mice in a two-stage mouse model of chemically-induced cSCC, where a subclinical dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene causes oncogenic mutatio…
Hypoxia: Importance in tumor biology, noninvasive measurement by imaging, and value of its measurement in the management of cancer therapy
2006
The Cancer Imaging Program of the National Cancer Institute convened a workshop to assess the current status of hypoxia imaging, to assess what is known about the biology of hypoxia as it relates to cancer and cancer therapy, and to define clinical scenarios in which in vivo hypoxia imaging could prove valuable.Hypoxia, or low oxygenation, has emerged as an important factor in tumor biology and response to cancer treatment. It has been correlated with angiogenesis, tumor aggressiveness, local recurrence, and metastasis, and it appears to be a prognostic factor for several cancers, including those of the cervix, head and neck, prostate, pancreas, and brain. The relationship between tumor oxy…
In breast cancer, are treatments and survival the same whatever a patient's age? A population-based study over the period 1998-2009
2014
Aim The present study aimed to describe treatments, relative survival and prognostic factors in breast cancer patients according to age. Methods All women with primary invasive breast cancer, diagnosed from 1998 to 2009 in the department of Cote d'Or, were retrospectively selected. Variations in treatments administered according to age ( 74 years) and period were assessed using Cochran–Armitage trend tests and χ2-tests, respectively. Prognostic factors according to age were estimated using a generalized linear model with a Poisson error structure. Results Overall, 4305 women were included. The oldest women (aged >74 years) were more likely than the youngest women to have comorbidities, adva…
Imbalance between genomic gain and loss identifies high-risk neuroblastoma patients with worse outcomes
2021
Survival in high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients remains poor despite multimodal treatment. We aimed to identify HR-NB patients with worse outcomes by analyzing the genomic instability derived from segmental chromosomal aberrations. We calculated 3 genomic instability indexes for primary tumor SNP array profiles from 127 HR-NB patients: (1) Copy number aberration burden (%gainslength+%losseslength), (2) copy number load (CNL) (%gainslength-%losseslength) and (3) net genomic load (NGL) (%gainsamount-%lossesamount). Tumors were classified according to positive or negative CNL and NGL genomic subtypes. The impact of the genomic instability indexes on overall survival (OS) was assessed with…
Role of Positron Emission Tomography for the Monitoring of Response to Therapy in Breast Cancer
2015
Abstract This review considers the potential utility of positron emission tomography (PET) tracers in the setting of response monitoring in breast cancer, with a special emphasis on glucose metabolic changes assessed with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). In the neoadjuvant setting of breast cancer, the metabolic response can predict the final complete pathologic response after the first cycles of chemotherapy. Because tumor metabolic behavior highly depends on cancer subtype, studies are ongoing to define the optimal metabolic criteria of tumor response in each subtype. The recent multicentric randomized AVATAXHER trial has suggested, in the human epidermal growth factor 2-positive subtype, a …
Remnant vital tissue following locoregional therapy for hepatocellular carcinoma: another player in the game
2018
The applicability of liver transplantation (LT) as a curative option for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is limited by organ shortage. In addition to tumor size and number, other variables, particularly those that are surrogates of tumor biology should be incorporated into the allocation policies to improve the estimation of post-LT benefit. In this issue of Transplant International, Manzia et al. analyze the role of remnant vital tissue (RVT) of the target lesion after locoregional therapies (LRT) in predicting post-LT HCC recurrence This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Tumor biology in older breast cancer patients – What is the impact on survival stratified for guideline adherence? A retrospective multi-centre cohor…
2015
Abstract Purpose The tumor biology of older breast cancer patients (oBCP) is usually less aggressive, however applied adjuvant treatment is often less potent resulting in an impaired disease free survival and overall survival in this group. This study tries to answer the following questions for the biological subtypes of oBCP (70+ y): (1) Is there a significant difference in the distribution of the biological subtypes of oBCP vs younger breast cancer patients (yBCP; 50–69 y)? (2) Which biological subtype has the highest rate of non-guideline-adherent-treatment (GL−) among oBCP? (3) Is a single GL− (i.e. radiotherapy/surgery/endocrine-therapy/chemotherapy) significantly associated with the s…
DNA Histogram of Invasive Bladder Carcinoma: Comparison of Flow Cytometry and Automated Image Analysis
1989
Invasive bladder carcinoma is characterized by a considerable interindividual heterogeneity. The natural course of the disease as well as sensitivity of the tumors to various treatment modalities are thus unpredictable. Searching for more accurate characteristics of tumor biology than those presently available, the DNA histograms of 65 paraffin-preserved bladder carcinomas from cystectomy specimens were analyzed. Flow cytometry and automated image analysis, two competing methods, were compared.
Molecular markers of cell adhesion in ameloblastomas. An update
2013
Ameloblastoma is the most common odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin, and though it is of a benign nature, it frequently infiltrates the bone, has a high rate of recurrence and could potentially become malignant. Cellular adhesion potentially plays an important role in the manifestation of these characteristics and in the tumor biology of ameloblastomas. Losses of cell-cell and extracellular matrix adhesion and cohesion are among the first events that occur in the invasion and growth of tumors of epithelial origin. The present review includes a description of the molecules that are involved in cell adhesion as reported for various types of ameloblastomas and discusses the possible roles …
The role of microRNAs in cancer: diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and targets of therapies
2012
Introduction: miRNAs are noncoding RNAs that target specific mRNA with subsequent regulation of particular genes, implicated in various biological processes. In cancer, miRNAs could show a different expression from normal tissues. miRNAs have a role as oncogenes when they target tumor suppressor genes and similarly they are tumor suppressors when they target oncogenes. Areas covered: In this review, areas covered include the role of miRNAs in cancer diagnosis, prognosis and research for achievement of therapeutic strategies implicating miRNAs in oncology. As biogenesis of miRNAs is fundamental to understand their usefulness, this has also been discussed. Both miRNA expression profiles in ca…